What does non-material culture primarily include?

Non-material culture primarily includes shared beliefs and values, which are essential components of a society's social fabric. These elements shape how individuals within a culture understand their world, interact with one another, and establish moral and ethical guidelines. Non-material culture encompasses aspects such as language, norms, traditions, and religious beliefs, which help to foster a sense of community and identity among members of that culture.

Understanding non-material culture is crucial for comprehending how societies function beyond mere physical artifacts or technologies. While material culture focuses on tangible objects and the physical environment created by humans, non-material culture delves into the perspectives and conceptual frameworks that influence behavior and social interaction.

In this context, the other options reflect aspects of material culture or specific types of behaviors rather than the broader spectrum of shared beliefs and values that define non-material culture.